Quick Guide to Command-Line Arguments in Ruby

Many Ruby scripts have no text or graphical interfaces. They simply run, do their job and then exit. To communicate with these scripts in order to change their behavior, command-line arguments must be used. The command line is the standard mode of operation for UNIX commands, and since Ruby is used widely on UNIX and UNIX-like systems (such as Linux and macOS), its pretty standard to encounter this type of program. How to Provide Command-Line Arguments Ruby script arguments are passed to the Ruby program by the shell, the program that  accepts commands (such as bash) on the terminal. On the command-line, any text following the name of the script is considered a command-line argument. Separated by spaces, each word or string will be passed as a separate argument to the Ruby program.   The following example shows the proper syntax to use to launch the test.rb Ruby script from a command-line with the arguments test1 and test2. $ ./test.rb test1 test2 You may encounter a situation in which you need to pass an argument to a Ruby program but theres a space in the command. It seems impossible at first since the shell separates arguments on spaces, but there is a provision for this. Any arguments in double quotes will not be separated. The double quotes are removed by the shell before passing it to the Ruby program. The following example passes a single argument to the test.rb Ruby script, test1 test2: $ ./test.rb test1 test2 How to Use Command-Line Arguments In your Ruby programs, you can access any command-line arguments passed by the shell with the ARGV special variable. ARGV is an Array variable which holds, as strings, each argument passed by the shell. This program iterates over the ARGV array and prints out its contents: #!/usr/bin/env ruby ARGV.each do|a|   Ã‚  puts Argument: #{a} end The following is an excerpt of a bash session launching this script (saved as the file test.rb) with a variety of arguments: $ ./test.rb test1 test2 three four Argument: test1 Argument: test2 Argument: three four

Elements of a Tragic Hero Found in Oedipus and Creon in...

Oedipus and Creon Sophocles demonstrates Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero in his brilliant trilogy of plays, The Oedipus Cycle. Aristotle describes a tragic hero as a character of high status who experiences a fall from great social status. This character also exhibits a tragic flaw and takes responsibility for their actions and accepts the punishment. Oedipus, son of Laios, and the King of Thebes, tried to escape his fate of killing his father and marrying his mother, displays all of Aristotle’s attributes for a tragic hero. Creon, Oedipus’ brother in law and uncle, also displays the personality traits present in a tragic hero. Although both characters fit Aristotle’s definition for a tragic hero, Oedipus better displays the characteristics of a tragic hero than Creon. In order to follow Aristotle’s designation of a tragic hero, the character must start at a high position in society and fall due to a tragic flaw that the character exhibits. Oedipus follows this definition very well. Oedipus was the king of Thebes, a very powerful city. Oedipus’ tragic flaw, pride, is shown throughout the story in his stubbornness and interactions with other characters. Oedipus’ pride causes him to get angry at Teiresias when he suggests that Oedipus may be in fact the killer of Laios: â€Å"Am I to bear this from him? –Damnation / Take you! Out of this place! Out of my sight!† (23). Oedipus thinks that he is better than Teiresias and thus does not listen to his advice. Oedipus

The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 1223 Words

Thomas J. Watson once said, â€Å"If you stand up and be counted, from time to time you may get yourself knocked down. But remember this: A man flattened by an opponent can get up again. A man flattened by conformity stays down for good.† Due to the fear fueling in the atmosphere during the Salem witch trials, a numerous amount of citizens allow themselves to be trampled on by conformity. Consequently, nineteen innocent citizens were hanged, and one brutally crushed to death. Arthur Miller’s The Crucible stages the theme of social conformity through the characters Reverend Parris, Abigail Williams, and John Proctor as they venture on a journey throughout the Salem Witch Trials displaying that joining society’s assembly of deceivers may preserve their lives, though not their integrity. Paranoid, criticized, and fearful, Salem’s minister Reverend Parris conforms into society’s disingenuous demeanors when the news of his niece and daughter’s bewitchment jeopardizes his reputation. When Parris first discovers that witchcraft is present in his household, he focuses on how the issue affects him and his reputation. In the beginning of the play, Parris is found kneeling adjacent to his daughter Betty’s sick bed. Eventually, he reveals that his daughter’s illness is trivial compared to the real issue at hand: his reputation. When Parris confronts Abigail, he states, â€Å"There is a faction that is sworn to drive me from my pulpit† (Crucible 1.35). He is more troubled by the thought of losingShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1269 Words   |  6 PagesAt first glance, the playwright Arthur Miller in The Crucible highlights the historical significance of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, but in fact it is an allegorical exp ression of his perception of McCarthyism. If the reader has some background information on Arthur Miller’s victimization as a communist, it is evident that the play is a didactic vessel illustrating the flaws of the court system in the 1950’s. The communist allegations were launched at government employees, entertainers and writersRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesof their way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characterization to illustrate reputation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, AbigailRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Word s   |  4 Pagesmotivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions of the play. The Salem Witch Trials were intended to be performed as the play however, when read, it can be more carefully examined and broken down to analyze the techniques. Miller, the playwright, uses literaryRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs the various characters in The Crucible by Arthur Miller interact, the dominant theme of the consequences of women’s nonconformity begins to slide out from behind the curtains of the play. Such a theme reveals the gripping fear that inundated the Puritans during the seventeenth century. This fear led to the famous witch-hunts that primarily terrorized women who deviated from the Puritan vision of absolute obedience and orthodoxy. Arthur Miller presents his interpretation of the suffering by subtlyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1145 Words   |  5 PagesUnbalance Through The Centuries In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the author reflects the persecution of communists in America in the 1950’s through a recount of the Salem witch trials. It is often presumed that Miller based his drama directly off of events that were particularly prevalent in the years surrounding the publication of The Crucible- which was released in the year 1953, towards the conclusion of the Korean War. Although there was not a literal witch hunt occurring during this timeRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1063 Words   |  5 PagesIn the English dictionary, there are three definitions of the word crucible. One is a metal container in which metals are mixed and melted. Another is a severe test. But the third definition, and the one that I think fits the best for this book, is a place or situation in which different elements interact to create something new. In my mind, this fits because all of the characters had their little grudges and dirty secrets. But when all th ose seemingly little things interact, they formed somethingRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1285 Words   |  6 Pages Rationale, Morality, Stereotypes, Pressure, Self-Censorship, Unanimity, and Mindguards. Groupthink has also taken place in our history a a country. The play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller is about a the real-life Salem Witch Trials that happened in 1692 - 1693, in Salem, Massachusetts. Some symptoms of Groupthink found in the Crucible are Rationale, Pressure, and Self-Censorship. The Groupthink symptom, Rationale, is described as when victims of Groupthink ignore warnings: they also collectivelyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller841 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible is a chaotic play, throughout this American classic Arthur Miller takes the reader through multiple events of terror and insanity. While creating a great on-stage play, Arthur Miller portrays his life through the events, the characters, and plot of The Crucible. Using vivid imagery and comprehensible symbolism, Miller manipulates the real personalities of the characters and events in 1600 Salem, Massachusetts to create a symbolic autobiography. Throughout this play, the reader experiencesRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller811 Words   |  4 Pages While The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is only a four act play, it still resembles the format of a five act play. The five-act structure evolved from a three-act structure, which was made famous by Roman Aelius Donatus. Donatus came up with thre e types of plays: Protasis, Epitasis, and Catastrophe. The five-act structure helped to expand the three act structure, mainly made famous by Shakespeare through his many tragedies. Even though The Crucible contains only four acts, it still has the commonRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1052 Words   |  5 PagesBuddy Al-Aydi Ms.Healy English 9 CP 14th October 2014 The Crucible Essay The Crucible was a novel written by Arthur Miller in the 1950’s. It was written in a format of the play, portraying an allegory of the Salem Witch-Hunts led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The book is known to have a inexplicable plot. This plot is advanced by multiple characters in the book in order to ensure that the reader maintains interest with the material that is being read. The farmer, John Proctor, would be the

Organisational Culture Essay - 1359 Words

The Intel Corporation produces microprocessors that are used in computers. It has a market share of over 75% and has been praised for its highly innovative culture. Do you think that an innovative culture can be relied on to guarantee the future success of a business? Justify your answer with reference to Intel and/or other organisations you know. (40 marks) An organisation’s culture refers to ‘the way we do things around here’ and is determined by the values, attitudes and beliefs of the people who work within it. As such, culture will undoubtedly influence the success of a business. In particular, it can be argued that an innovative culture can lead to business success because it enables companies to share ideas more freely and†¦show more content†¦BMW use a similar culture where everyone is expected to help find solutions. They have a network of committed associates with few hierarchical barriers, allowing every employee to voice their opinion. This culture has allowed BMW to promote new products and get the product just right through thousands of brainstorming sessions. These examples show how innovation can lead to success in technological industries. Innovative culture can be relied on to guarantee the future success of a business, as the external environment is constantly changing. This can be linked to Charles Handy’s theory of ‘discontinuous change’ which means that in the future change is constant, and therefore an innovative culture would most likely guarantee a business success. Being highly innovative would mean that managers would have to be flexible and react to the constantly changing external environment, therefore adopting an innovative culture would mean businesses would have to come up with ideas and strategies for the future in order for the business to remain competitive and successful. Innovative culture should equip firms with the ability to cope better with change. For example Intel’s strategy of diversification where they use tactics such as job swapping and controlled employee role changes to increaseShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Culture And Organisational Culture1063 Words   |  5 PagesOrganisational Culture Organisational Culture is defined as what the employees perceive and how this perception creates a pattern of beliefs, values and, expectations. Organisational culture differs from organizational climate. Climate refers to more temporary attitudes, feelings and perceptions of individuals (Schneider, 1990). Culture on the other hand is an enduring, slow to change, core characteristic of organisations which is an implicit often indiscernible aspects of organisations, climateRead MoreOrganisational Culture1067 Words   |  5 PagesOrganisation Culture as there are many ways in which you can define the subject my interpretation of it is that it is structure of shared meaning which is held by members that differentiate the organisation from other organisations. Culture has its origin in the organisational interaction. The model put forward by Schein (1985) Schein divides organisational culture into three levels: Outer layer: These outer layers are at the surface, those aspects (such as dress) which can be easily recognisedRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Organisational Culture2209 Words   |  9 PagesLiterature on organisation culture has been involved rapidly and dynamically despite the relatively new to the concept (Schein, 2004). A considerable number of culture changes and management models have been developed by different scholars. The idea of management culture were hardly believed by many scholars. There are competing perspectives on the nature of organisational culture (Martin, Frost, and O Neill, 2006). The research method of organisational culture is fragmented and lacks ownershipRead MoreOrganisational Culture8269 Words   |  34 PagesThe topic canvasses the effects of organizational culture on the MA. This annotated bibliography is composed of research based, case study and literature reviewed articles, that all of them are recently published papers. Although in the aspect of mergers and acquisitions, organisational culture has various definition and encirclement (Riad, 2007), from recently introduced emotional intelligence (Harrison-Walker, 2008) to theoretical definitions (Schraeder Self, 2003), and also there are some debatesRead MoreOrganisational Culture1310 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational Culture? Organizational  culture refers to a system of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs that show employees what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior.[1] These values have a strong influence on employee behavior as well as organizational performance. In fact, the term organizational culture was made popular in the 1980s when Peters and Waterman’s best-selling book In Search of Excellence made the argument that company success could be attributed to an organizational culture thatRead MoreOrganisational Culture And Organizational Culture2261 Words   |  10 PagesThroughout this essay organisational culture will be examined, including the two approaches mainstream and critical. What managers can do to shape culture and also an example of when culture has in fact been changed. Organisational culture can be acknowledged as the organisations personality; which is also referred to as corporate culture. Organisational culture is defined as the process of how things are dealt with within an organisation on a daily basis, affecting the employees and how they workRead MoreUnderstanding Organisational Culture752 Words   |  3 PagesOrganisational culture became popular in the 1980’s after the publication of Peter and Waterman’s best-selling book â€Å"In search of excellence†. It was made evident that company success had a strong correlation with organisational culture, thus competitive advantage for business. The concept of organisational culture is vastly growing in management and a subject of various research. According to the â€Å"Business dictionary† Organisational culture is defined as â€Å"The values and behaviours that contributeRead MoreOrganisational Culture And Organizational Culture1730 Words   |  7 PagesOrganisatio nal culture refers to ‘the shared beliefs and values guiding the thinking and behavioural styles of members’ (Cooke and Rousseau, 1988, in Bratton 2010: 334), indicating that employees who accept the common values of an organisation and put great effort on commitments are likely to build up a strong culture to an organisation. Edgar Schein (2004) proposed three levels of organisational culture. As employees go through changes, they gain experiences from the past, adapt to a new environmentRead MoreThe Influence of Organisational Structure on Organisational Culture2080 Words   |  9 Pagestheir parts such as staff, profit, products, strategy, technology, environment, structure and culture. These parts or factors can directly contribute to the strengths or weaknesses of an organisation and they are all interrelated. This essay will examine organisational structure and organisational culture and the influence mechanistic and organic structures have on organisational culture. Organisational structure, as defined by Hodge, Anthony Gales (1996), is â€Å"the sum total of the way in whichRead MoreOrganisational Behaviour - Organisational Structure and Culture1146 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational   Structure   and   Culture       Introduction    In order to understand and evaluate different business structures one must be aware of the exact meaning and standards, which make that structure. Different business function in different ways. The World today is full of innovative and new structures, company cultures and ways in which companies base their work. Globalization has emphasized the meaning of company culture in ways that have led to completely new ideas, while

Thanks for 24 Years of Service Free Essays

1. How valid do you think the comments are that Russ is hearing? Answer – Students’ answers will vary with their age and experience. The issue is the validity of the comments. We will write a custom essay sample on Thanks for 24 Years of Service or any similar topic only for you Order Now The issue is dealing with the perceptions. Basically, Russ needs to translate his experience into transferable job skills and sell himself as an adaptive person. Most of what he’s hearing is probably stereotypical, but he can’t re educate the job market; he has to reinvent himself. 2. If you were a small business executive in need of someone with extensive financial experience, would you consider Russ? Explain your position. Answer – Again students’ answers will vary. Pro—great extensive experience, new ideas from a different industry, and a high performance track record. Con—the need to adjust to a new company culture, possibility of leaving due to pay issues, not knowing the specific business. Discuss with students how they could address the cons either as a business owner or as Russ. Business owner—assign a mentor to help cultural adjustment, offer pay incentives tied to company growth and profitability that could help make up for the pay cut. Russ—shift his own attitude and realize the world has changed, work for a temp agency to get experience in smaller companies, study the company’s industry and bring a series of new ideas with him to the interview that related specifically to a small company in that industry. 3. What suggestions might you make to Russ to help him find suitable employment? Answer – See comments under #2. Russ’ biggest challenge is changing his own mindset and then demonstrating that to potential employers. Focus on transferable, skills not specific job experience How to cite Thanks for 24 Years of Service, Papers Thanks for 24 Years of Service Free Essays Thanks for 24 Years of Service. Now Here’s the Door! Russ McDonald graduated from the University of Michigan with his MBA in 1971. He chose General Motors for several reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on Thanks for 24 Years of Service or any similar topic only for you Order Now Russ began his career at GM as a cost analyst at the company’s Fisher Body division in Detroit. From there he proceeded through a long sequence of increased job responsibilities. In 20 years he rose to assistant vice president of finance in the corporate treasury department. His salary was $134,000 a year, and, in a good year, he could expect a bonus of anywhere from $10,000 to $25,000. GM’s slow response to change resulted in a serious erosion in the company’s market position, a drop from 1:2 new cars sold in the United States being a GM product to 1:4. GM closed inefficient plants, reorganized divisions, introduced new production technologies, and made huge cuts in its staff. Russ McDonald’s job was eliminated less than a year short of his 25th anniversary with GM. He was offered early retirement. He took the company’s offer rather than be pushed out later with a less attractive severance package. He was 49 years old with 24 years of experience; he could find another job. Related essay: External Corporate Communications Out of work for nearly 30 months, he responded to dozens of employment ads, sent out more than 200 resumes, talked with several executive recruiting firms, and spent more than $7,000 on employment counseling. No luck. His experience wasn’t relevant to today’s workplace; small companies wanted flexible people; corporate types like Russ were seen as â€Å"mentally rigid. † Even if there was a job he would have to take at least a 50 percent cut in pay, and employers figured Russ would be demotivated and likely to â€Å"jump ship† at the first opportunity. How to cite Thanks for 24 Years of Service, Essay examples

Carpal tunnel syndrome Essay Example For Students

Carpal tunnel syndrome Essay What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?Carpal tunnel syndrome is a painful nerve problem that disrupts the use of your hand or hands. At first, you may have numbness, tingling, or burning in your hands. Shooting pain in your wrist or forearm may come after, and your grip may become weak. CauseThe cause of carpal tunnel syndrome is when the tissue or bone puts pressure on the nerve of the hand that runs from your neck through your wrist to your fingers. Other causes may include: a)Injuries, such as a blow to the wrist. This may break one or more of the carpal bone and damage the median nerve. b)Arthritis related diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. These diseases cause pain and swelling in the joints of the hand. They cause swelling of tissues in the hand, resulting in pressure on the median nerve. c)Work activities and hobbies, such as typing, needle working, knitting, cashier, and any hand tools or instruments that puts pressure on the base of the palm. SymptomsSymptoms that may be involved with carpal tunnel syndrome are as follows:pain, tingling, and numbness in the thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers tingling in the entire hand pain that shoots from the hand up the arm as far as the shoulder a swollen feeling in your fingers-even though they may not be visibly swollenYou may notice that:your symptoms are worse at nightyour hands feel weak in the morningyou drop objects more than usual you have trouble grasping or pinching objectsyou may have trouble using your hands for certain tasks, such as buttoning a shirt, writing with a pen, or opening a jar lidWho gets it?Carpal tunnel syndrome can occur at any age. Carpal tunnel syndrome from non-work causes usually affects people in their fifties, while from work causes is highest between the ages of twenty and forty. The condition is more common in women than in men. Treatment for Carpal tunnel syndromeAfter the doctor is positive that you have carpal tunnel syndrome, he or she might suggest that you wear a splint or receive an injection of anti-inflammatory medicines such as cortisone. You might try this for a month or so, but if the injection or the splint doesnt work then you might need surgery.The doctor might even give you a regime of exercises to do three or four times a day. But dont try the exercise if there is pain. You also could go to a chiropractor for exercise to help strengthen your wrist. If these treatments do not improve the condition then the doctor will recommend surgery as the last resort. BIBLIOGRAPHY1.Carpal Tunnel Syndromewww.aginet.com/collins.carpal html2.Carpal Tunnel Syndromewww.orthop.washington.edu/bone and joint sources/czzzzzzz 1- 2.html